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Build the driveway, drainage and culverts

Construct the final driveway and the drainage works designed in site-13 and site-14.

How

1. Build up the road base in compacted layers on the formation, with a 3 to 5% crown or cross slope to shed water, and rolling dips or cross drains at the spacing chosen in site-13.
2. Install culverts at the designed low points with stable rock-protected inlets and outlets.
3. Dig roadside ditches and diversions to the planned grades, and line steep sections with rock or vegetation.
4. Build the turnaround and any turnouts to the sizes required locally.
5. Check grades on finished sections with the slope calculator.

Do these first

• site-18

Sources

1. Design Manual 4A-5: Using the Rational Method to Determine Peak Flow. Iowa Department of Transportation, accessed 2026-11
2. Low-Volume Roads Engineering Best Management Practices, Chapter 5: Hydrologic Analysis. USDA Forest Service, accessed 2026-11
3. Oregon Fire Code Appendix D: Fire Apparatus Access Roads. Linn County, Oregon, accessed 2026-11
4. Residential Access Guide. Sedona Fire District, Arizona, accessed 2026-11
5. Low-Volume Roads Engineering Best Management Practices, Chapter 7: Drainage of Low-Volume Roads. USDA Forest Service, accessed 2026-11

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